Lean AI - How to Reduce LLM Cost?

 In the blooming field of Generative AI (GenAI), startups are proliferating like wildflowers after a spring rain. The statistics are staggering, with a veritable boom in the last year alone. But amidst this growth, a pressing question looms: how do we steer these GenAI products towards business success? It’s akin to...

Exploring LLMs Through Minsky's Lens on Universal Intelligence

 At the recent World Science Festival, the discussion titled “AI: Grappling with a New Kind of Intelligence” proposed the idea that AI could be seen as an evolving “being”, rather than merely a tool. This thought brought me back to a mesmerizing read from April 1985’s Byte magazine. The piece, “Communication with Al...

Cracking the Spell of Q* - A New Method in Problem Solving

 In the dynamic and ever-changing landscape of AI and computational problem-solving, there arises a new speculative yet intriguing proposal: Q* (pronounced “Q-star”) - This conceptual framework is imagined to position itself at the intersection of three diverse yet interrelated technologies: the A* algorithm, Q-lear...

Spatial Reasoning Under Uncertainty

 Spatial reasoning is a critical aspect of many real-world applications, including urban planning, environmental monitoring, and transportation logistics. It involves the processing and interpretation of spatial data to understand and analyze the relationships between objects in a given space. Traditional GIS system...

X.509 Identity for Attribute-based Encryption

 In the physical world, we trust the identity cards issued by a well known organization, including the government. The verification process is a visual inspection of the card authenticity. Advancing into the digital realm, we are relying on the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to securely identify the participants. T...

Journey of Building Scale Model Dioramas

 Diving into the immersive world of modelling and miniatures, one finds the ability to freeze history in time, captured within a meticulously crafted diorama. A fascinating blend of history and craftsmanship await us in the creation of a scale model diorama. Though it may seem like a challenging task, a systematic a...

Enhancing Biblical Study with ChatGPT

 The study of the Bible is an enriching and transformative journey, offering profound insights into our faith, personal growth, and understanding of the world. While traditional methods of biblical study, such as personal reading, attending classes, and consulting commentaries, remain essential, modern technology ha...

Spatial Reasoning in AGI - Insights from Philosophical Perspectives

 Spatial understanding is indeed an important aspect of achieving Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), which refers to machines possessing human-level intelligence across a wide range of tasks and domains. Despite the belief that advanced Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT-4, demonstrate some AGI capabiliti...

Ask a Book Questions with LangChain and OpenAI

 Reading a book can be a fulfilling experience, transporting you to new worlds, introducing you to new characters, and exposing you to new concepts and ideas. However, once you’ve finished reading, you might find yourself with a lot of questions that you’d like to discuss. Perhaps you don’t have anyone nearby who ha...

Create Personal Animated AI Avatar

 Creating your personal AI avatar can be a fun and exciting way to explore the capabilities of cutting-edge AI technologies. An AI avatar is a digital representation of a person that is created using artificial intelligence (AI) tools and techniques. It can take many forms, such as a 3D model, an animated character,...

Dreambooth Training for Personal Embedding

 This article will focus on training an embedding that is deeper and is able to go farther than the original Stable Diffusion software that we described in the previous post - Stable Diffusion Training for Personal Embedding, which already has a solid embedding to use to generate art. We want to train it to be even ...

Stable Diffusion Training for Personal Embedding

 We previously described the Neural Style Transfer and Deep Dream, which were among the first popular application of the AI technology on artistic works 5 years ago, but quickly made way for a more powerful and capable model named Textual Inversion. Stable Diffusion is a free tool using textual inversion technique f...

FireSQL in Python

 PyFireSQL is a SQL-like programming interface to query Cloud Firestore collections using Python. Cloud Firestore is a NoSQL, document-oriented database. Unlike a SQL database, there are no tables or rows. Instead, you store data in documents, which are organized into collections.

Game Architecture for Card Game AI (Part 3)

 The last article on the topics of “Game Architecture for Card Game” series will focus on the amazing “Race for the Galaxy” AI. Even though Keldon Jones released his RFTG AI source code back in 2009 [Jones09], it was using neural networks and reinforcement learning to train the game AI, way before DeepMind’s Alpha G...

Game Architecture for Card Game Action (Part 2)

 Continue from the previous Game Architecture for Card Game Model (Part 1), we defined a game architecture as a reference to study the “Race for the Galaxy” card game. This article focus on the components of (3) Game Engine and (4) Game Interface.

Game Architecture for Card Game Model (Part 1)

 Being software architects, we always interest to know how a software system is built. At the same time, if one is a gamer, you would meditate on how a game is being designed and constructed; especially, when you are toasted by the card game’s AI that makes you “angry”. Such an emotional response is pushing forward ...

Synthesis of Neural to Symbolic Knowledge for NLP System

 Much of human knowledge is collected in the written language. Extracting knowledge directly from the textual form of natural language has been one of the lofty goals of Natural Language Processing (NLP) since the beginning of AI research. The recent advance in NLP, using deep neural networks, has effectively automa...

Solving Puzzles using Constraint Logic Programming in Prolog

 Since the last article on “Using Prolog to Solve Logic Puzzles” 4 years ago, I finally woke up and discovered how to use the amazing clp(fd) - Constraint Logic Programming (Finite Domain) module. Various implementation of clp(fd) existed in different Prolog dialects but the concepts are essentially shared. To illus...

Dempster-Shafer Theory for Classification using Python

 Machine Learning is dominated by ANN (Automated Neural Network), it requires a large training data set of labelled data to learn a classification model. When only a small data set is available, the decision tree & its variant random forests dominated the classification. In this article, we shall explore the Dem...

Adventures in Deep Reinforcement Learning using StarCraft II

 The paradigm of learning by trial-and-error, exclusively from rewards is known as Reinforcement Learning (RL). The essence of RL is learning through interaction, mimicking the human way of learning with an interaction with environment and has its roots in behaviourist psychology. The positive rewards will reinforce...

Attribute-based Encryption for Healthcare Blockchain

 It’s no surprise that one of the greatest concerns for a healthcare provider is data security. One can argue that the data ownership is the most important asset in this information age. Healthcare patients are aware of the value of their personal information. As a result, a healthcare provider required to switch fr...

Geospatial Granular Computing

 Granular Computing can be conceived as a framework of theories, methodologies, techniques, and tools that make use of information granules in the process of problem solving. In particular, the granular computing has been implicitly used in geospatial representation and processing in order to conquer the complexity ...

Preparing Geospatial Data in PostGIS

 The Spatial is a popular extension to the traditional database systems. When the data has some spatial attributes, for example a street address or a phone number, we can use the spatial proximity to analyze and calculate their relationships in space. We are usually designating a finite geometric representation and ...

Existential Crisis with Microservices using Docker

 As software architects, we have no doubt that both Microservices architecture and Docker deployment help to bring flexibility and scalability in system design. However, the blurring existence of a system identity, due to distributed services and virtualized machines, has lead to the question of what makes the ident...

Deep Learning on Text Data

 Large quantity of human communication is composed in the form of text written in natural language. The recent advance in the field of Machine Learning confirms that meaningful knowledge can be extracted effectively. Once the general techniques of natural language processing in combination of machine learning, a wid...

Interactive Hex World Map using D3

 How does the nature inspires us about the optimal geometry? The bees create their honeycombs with precision engineering, an array of prism-shaped cells with a perfectly hexagonal cross-section. If you blow a layer of bubbles on the surface of water, they instantly rearrange into three-wall junctions with more or le...

YOLO for Real-Time Food Detection

 The obsession of recognizing snacks and foods has been a fun theme for experimenting the latest machine learning techniques. The highest goal will be a computer vision system that can do real-time common foods classification and localization, which an IoT device can be deployed at the AI edge for many food applicat...

FHIR Server Up and Running

 Blockchain is a hot topic for making patient’s Electronic Health Record both accessible and safe, talking about the dream of patients finally own their complete medical history, drugs list, lab test results, doctor notes etc. But there is a fundamental problem - Where is the data coming from? Even the medical provi...

SingularityNET AI Service Integration

 With the advent of AI and Blockchain technology and its exponential impact on business, a recently released open-source project SingularityNET https://singularitynet.io/ is truly revolutionary by combining both technologies into a decentralized market of coordinated AI services being backed by Blockchain’s smart co...

Ethereum Mining on Windows 10

 The value of dedicated GPU is going beyond the needs of gaming, it is proven to fulfill the professional needs for Deep Learning researches. As it turns out the modern graphics cards are very good at achieving the framerate requirements for virtual-reality. To our biggest surprise, GPU is profitable at mining crypt...

Deep Transfer Learning on Small Dataset

 The success of Convolutional Neural Network (ConvNet) application on image classification relies on two factors (1) having a lot of data (2) having a lot of computing power; where (1) having data seems to be a harder issue. Data acquisition is generally the major costs of any realistic project. But if we only can a...

Deep Dream with Caffe on Windows 10

 Deep Dream is an algorithm that makes an pattern detection algorithm over-interpret patterns. The Deep Dream algorithm is a modified neural network. Instead of identifying objects in an input image, it changes the image into the direction of its training data set, which produces impressive surrealistic, dream-like ...

Deep Learning with GPU on Windows 10

 You just got your latest NVidia GPU on your Windows 10 machine. Other than playing the latest games with ultra-high settings to enjoy your new investment, we should pause to realize that we are actually having a supercomputer able to do some serious computation. A Deep Learning algorithm is one of the hungry beast ...

Model of Spatial Construction

 The heart of a spatial reasoning system is utilization of spatial knowledge. With proper represented spatial knowledge, the task of spatial reasoning is made intuitive, flexible and practical. This article introducing the concept of Spatial Construction, which is the theory of deriving the spatial knowledge. The st...

Spatial Reasoning Explained

 Spatial Reasoning is a logical reasoning system that assumed entities located in space and have a spatial structure. Making machines that can perceive and understand space has always been a researcher’s dream. Our lives could be enhanced by their assistance; with the spatial intelligence of machines, we would have ...

Recognizing Snacks using SimpleCV

 This article aims to provide the basic knowledge of how to recognize snacks by using Python and SimpleCV. Readers will gain practical programming knowledge via experimentation with the Python scripts included in the Snack Classifier open source project.

Snack Watching with Raspberry Pi

 Starting as a fun Jonah Group project, the Snack Watcher is designed to watch the company’s “Snack Table”. If there are some new “Snacks” presented on the “Snack Table”, it can be used to report the event onto chat channels, emails or messages saying “Snack Happened!”, posting an image and trying to classify the sn...

Raspberry Pi 3 for Computer Vision

 With Raspberry Pi 3, developing a computer vision project is no longer difficult nor expensive. Computer vision is a method of image processing and recognition that is especially useful when applied to Raspberry Pi. You could produce your IoT with computer vision components, to secure your home, to monitor beer in ...

Using Prolog to Solve Logic Puzzles

 What is a logic puzzle? Logic Puzzle is a very funny thing. We are all very interest to read and try our brains to solve 1 or 2 of these puzzles. We thought that would improve our brain power after proving that we are logical enough to solve these logic puzzles. Of course, we are having fun for doing that too. But ...

Using Pharo to Learn Smalltalk

 Pharo is an open source implementation of the programming language and environment Smalltalk. Pharo emerged as a fork of Squeak, an open source Smalltalk environment created by the Smalltalk-80 team. This article explores how to use Pharo to learn Smalltalk, using Pharo unique package management tools and running P...